Among the authors' conclusions were that centers varied greatly in the nature and quality of the telephone help they provided empathy and respect were desired counselor qualities and a supportive approach, good contact and collaborative problem solving were intervention styles that related to better call outcomes. (2007a 2007b) monitored 2,611 calls to 14 crisis lines in the U.S., observing counselor behaviors, caller characteristics, and changes during the calls. Significant decreases in suicidality and significant improvements in the mental state of youth were observed during the course of the call. (2003) rated 100 taped suicide calls to Kids Help Line in Australia. Immediate or proximal effects on the reduction of depressive mood and suicidal urgency were linked to a specific intervention approach, characterized by a non- judgmental, empathetic style, which incorporated limited directive components. ![]() Mishara and Daigle (1997) listened to 617 telephone calls from suicidal callers to two Canadian suicide centers. However, despite Samaritans policy requiring volunteers to ask about suicidal feelings at every contact, only 59% of respondents reported being asked about suicide. Surveys (n=1,309) indicated that respondents felt the contact had an immediate positive effect, and left them feeling less suicidal, alone, afraid, and anxious and more hopeful, supported and wanting to live. to assess satisfaction with the service, and self-reported efficacy of contact. Coveney, Pollack, Armstrong, & Moore (2012) employed online anonymous surveys of callers to the Samaritans helpline in the U.K. Several recent studies have examined callers' proximal outcomes and/or counselors' behaviors on crisis lines in Australia, Canada, the U.K., and the U.S. ![]() Evaluation is necessary to determine whether this training is effective, and whether telephone crisis interventions are achieving their goals. The accomplishment of these goals is likely to be a function of the risk assessments and interventions provided by crisis counselors therefore, Lifeline has focused attention on the standardization of crisis counselors' practices and training across the network ( ). The Department of Veterans Affairs operates a national suicide prevention hotline for veterans and active military members using the Lifeline telephone number, 1-800-273-TALK (Moreover, Lifeline is referenced in public awareness messaging campaigns and in federal-, community- and advocacy-level information and referral documents and websites, including the Army’s suicide prevention website ( A major goal of Lifeline centers is to reduce callers’ current crises and/or suicidal states and to enhance the long-term safety of callers. To highlight its scope and import, Lifeline served its 3 millionth caller in October, 2011, with over 800,000 callers in 2012 alone. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (Lifeline) ( - the national network of over 150 community crisis centers in the United States - features prominently in a range of national suicide prevention programs. Since their inception in the 1950s and 1960s, telephone crisis services have become integral to national suicide prevention strategies and mental healthcare systems ( Covington, Hogan, Abreu, Berman, & Breux, 2011 King, Nurcombe, Bickman, Hides, & Reid, 2003 Bobevski & Holgate, 1997). ![]() To address this global tragedy, public health interventions with widespread capacity to reach at-risk populations are needed (Knox & Caines, 2004). per year ( World Health Organization, 2012 McIntosh & Drapeau, 2012). Suicide is recognized as a public health problem with nearly one million deaths by suicide world- wide, and approximately 39,000 deaths in the U.S.
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